The World Health Organization issued its first global guidelines on obesity care for children and adolescents on October 7, 2026. The recommendations prioritise structured support for eating, physical activity and behaviour, while advising against obesity medicines, surgery and weight-loss devices for children under 10.
WHO estimates that 170 million people aged 5–19 were living with obesity in 2024. Prevalence in that age group rose from 2% in 1990 to 8%. Its updated fact sheet describes obesity as a chronic disease shaped by interacting environmental, social, biological and behavioural factors.
For adolescents aged 10–19, WHO says approved medicines may be considered only after a supervised lifestyle programme has failed to achieve its goals. Surgery remains an option under strict conditions for severe obesity. Digital support receives a conditional recommendation and requires parental or caregiver supervision.
The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), which participated in the launch, welcomed the guidance. It said the framework places care within primary health services, with specialist referrals where needed. Assessment should consider individual circumstances and health rather than body mass index alone, the association said.
EASO also highlighted the guidelines’ attention to mental health, disability and genetic and family factors. WHO calls for early, coordinated care for obesity and mental health problems, with families involved. The aim extends beyond weight reduction to better functioning and well-being, with continuing follow-up adapted to each child.
WHO says treatment must be accompanied by policies that make healthy food and physical activity more accessible and affordable. EASO sees the guidance, alongside existing adult recommendations, as an opportunity to improve access to appropriate care across Europe and help health systems manage complications including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
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